Materi Ilmu komunikasi

The phenomenon of “Journalism Online” Part Of Modern Lifestyles

Development of information and communication technology (information and communication technology / ICT) over the last decade brought a new trend in the communications industry that combines the presence of a variety of media and new communication technologies of traditional mass communication technologies. The phenomenon is often referred to as media convergence raises some important consequences.

To compensate for the lifestyle of modern society which is too busy, or intertainment entertainment element is an element that needs to be integrated into the communications and information technology so that information technology tools will not just perform ‘rudimentary’ but can also be more attractive and can meet the needs of modern society.

In addition, the convergence of media not only enrich the information presented, but also gives the choice to the audience to choose information according to their tastes. No less serious, the convergence of media provides a radical new opportunities in the handling, supply, distribution and processing of all forms of information that are both visual, audio, data and so on.

Seeing this need, many telecommunications companies that provide network services (network), Internet services, hosting services and voice services / telepn, combining elements of information communication technology through MAX3 intertaiment triple play service consisting of Broadband Internet, Voice Over Internet Protocol (VoIP) and Interactif TV (IPTV).

The phenomenon of online journalism is now a compelling example. The access of media audiences convergent aka “readers” just click on the desired information in a computer that is equipped with internet applications to find the desired information and that too for a while then get up. As a result, application of proven technology capable of bridging the communication transport media of information delivery to the audience.

On the other hand, online journalism also allows journalists to be constantly up to date information they display along with new findings in the field. In this context, the consequence is the continued reduction in the function editor of a news agency as journalists have the freedom to be relative to up load of new information no longer constrained by the conventional mechanism of a press agency which is relatively long.

But the convergence caused significant changes in the characteristics of traditional or conventional mass communication. Convergent Media combines the characteristics of mass communication and interpersonal communication in the media as well. Therefore, there is the so-called demasivikasi (demasssification), which is a condition in which the main features of the mass media that disseminate information in a massive disappeared. The flow of information that goes into more personal, because every person has the freedom to choose the information they need.

New communication technologies allow the media to facilitate a mediated interpersonal communication. In the past when the internet came along at the end of the 21st century, Internet users and the public still identified it as a “tool” alone. Unlike the case now, the Internet became the “media” even has its own interactive capabilities. Nature of the interactivity of convergent media usage has exceeded the ability of potential feedback (feedback), as a convergent media audiences accessed directly providing feedback on the messages being conveyed.

Characteristics of mass communication where traditional delayed feedback diminishes because of the ability of convergent interactive media. Therefore, the new approach is needed in view of the phenomenon of mass communication. Is because the nature of the interactivity of new communication media, the key points of the linear approach (SMCRE = source a message a channel areceiver a effect / feedback) seem less relevant to mass communication media to converge again.

In a broader context, the real media convergence not only shows an increasingly rapid technological developments. Convergence is changing the relationship between technology, industry, market, lifestyle and audiences. In short, the convergence of changing patterns of production and consumption relations, the use of which has a serious impact on many fields such as economics, politics, education, and culture.

If such trends spread to many countries, it is not impossible that one day the role of online news will replace the role of the traditional press. Convergence provides new opportunities to the public to expand the choice of media access to their liking. In terms of media economics, convergence means new opportunities for the profession in the world of the communications industry. Equally important in the preparation of resources able to respond to market needs for the future is the education sector.

Education should now be able to respond to the challenges of change, one of which caused by widespread convergent media. Especially for higher education, the curriculum is needed not only summarizes the various technical aspects of new communication technologies of mechanical (ICT) but also needs to be invested so that the professional rules in due course graduates can work in the community in an ethical and responsible manner.

In terms of the creation of media convergence regulation, the institution is authorized to make regulations or state government. This perspective can be understood when viewed from the state functions as a regulatory agent in maintaining the relationship between market and society. On one side of the country holding public sovereignty and on the other hand the state apparatus has a function to maintain effective or not a regulation.

Ideal picture of the relationship convergence of three actors (state, market, society) is supposed to take place in a harmonious and balanced. Not to have one party dominating the other, for example, tend to dominate the converging media, while the community had no choice but to accept what it is that there are displays on the media.

Some Consequences
Media convergence is not just simply show the workings of ICT (information and communication technology) in the realm of media. Joining the conventional mass media along with internet technology undoubtedly foster a new set of consequences both on theoretical and practical level. At the theoretical level, the conventional understanding of mass communication it should be debated again. Convergence led to significant changes in the characteristics of conventional mass communication. Delayed feedback is common in conventional media less and less, even almost disappeared. Convergent media bring new characters more interactive, where users are able to communicate directly and obtain a direct consequence of the message (Severin and Tankard, 2001: 370). Due to the nature of convergent media interactivity, the linear approach, as is often done in looking at the context of mass communication was not relevant anymore.
The combination of the characteristics of mass communication and interpersonal communication in converging media causes changes in the concept of mass. In conventional mass communication, mass is defined as the union anonymous and alienated audiences, so the message was communicated to him a massive (massive) in the converging media demassivikasi process actually occurs. Cause the degree of convergent media massivitas reduced mass, because the more personal and interactive communications. As revealed by McMillan (in Lievrouw and Livingstone, 2004: 164), the convergence of new communication technologies allow the creation of a mediated interpersonal communication.
At the practical level, the convergence of media to bring important issues in education, economic, social, political, and culture .. In education, institutions will be required to be able to provide graduates who have the academic maturity as well as new capabilities and practices different from before. In this context, education in the future world are faced with the challenges of revamping the curriculum to fit very well with the pace of technology is not unstoppable. World of work in the future will require new skills qualification in any job-related convergence technologies.
From the standpoint of political economy also means that convergence of the opportunities the new profession. Convergence provides new opportunities for convergent media managers to expand the choice of public taste, as well as the availability of a number of access options. Nevertheless, in this economic level of convergence is also likely to create a new dominant group who will be ruling the market. Concentration of ownership of one of them. Sectors of different media will join in and turn the conglomerate. In fact, when the ownership of both vertically and horizontally has been controlled by the group, the excess is not always fun sequel. Convergence can be utilized for the benefit of certain groups to disseminate political ideas more freely than with conventional mass media. For investors who are affiliated with political groups, convergence provides an opportunity to transform the open labih certain political ideas to reap the public vote. Thus, the convergence of media means also potentially become a new medium for the hegemony of the economic forces and political will to achieve unilateral advantage. Configuration of this kind of power could threaten the implementation of democratic life, because, essentially a public voice tends to be dikendalian by the dominant power of the owners of capital as well as interest groups.
Therefore, at the political level of diversification of convergence requires policy to ensure fair distribution and consumer protection. At this level, it needs adequate regulation in order to access the convergence can be enjoyed relatively evenly to all people. Included in it is that the public is protected from adverse impacts of media convergence. It is becoming urgent to think about, engingasifat natural progression of technology is always ambiguous: on one hand the positive impact of convergence and on the other side negative. In addition to optimizing the positive side, the anticipation of the negative side of convergence seems to have put forward so that the convergence of technologies capable of bringing together well-being.
From the standpoint of culture, people’s behavior patterns will change with the development of convergent media (Rice, in Lievrouw and Livingstone, 2004: 105-124). Digitization of media is less important to separate cause from the media content production, editing, distribution and storage. Thus, the form and content of upcoming media will evolve with changing technology. Sooner or later, in the future preferences of the people against the media will shift from conventional media to the media converge. In short, convergence will change the relationship between technology, industry, market, lifestyle and audiences.

Definition of convergence

Convergence Definition:
• Convergence is the ability of different networks to bring similar services (such as voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) or voice through a switched network, cable television or video over Asynchronous Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL) or, alternatively, the ability to provide various services through a single network such as the so-called triple play “.
• In the most general sense, convergence means that before the collapse of the old barrier separating the ICTS by a number of dimensions: between the industry and industry, between the application and the application, between producer and consumer, between nations and states. Each affecting minority ownership, use and access to information technology (IT) in various ways.
• Convergence is the increase in digitalization, different types of content (data, audio, sound, video) placed in a similar format and transmitted continuously through a variety of technology (computers, mobile phones, televisions) or forwarded to a different platform. Broadly speaking, the convergence of technology and media (content).
• Convergence of technology occurs when multiple products simultaneously in a single product with all its advantages.

Conclusion:
In this chapter I have presented the analytical theory of Medium (or Media-Ecology) as prime examples of critical media analysis. It argues that technology issues have to be in the center of media theory, because of the nature of media technology. Anyone seriously reflect on mediation as a phenomenon, must take into account the nature and logic of different media. -Ecology Media provides a powerful antidote to the reductionist assumption that the technology must be understood as a facilitator, sebuahperangkat or equipment, in service of something else. This ‘something else’ is considered more basic and, as a result, the mediation process is reduced to an epiphenomenon. It’s incredible, even if this ‘something else’ takes the form of social, cultural or communicative process, the end is always the top surface as a political ‘power’ motivation.
While politics is totally irrelevant, the case has been made to understand the media ‘like that’, that is, not as an instrument or tool, but as an ‘agent’ social and cultural processes. Heidegger (1977) once stated that “the essence of technology reveals’. Nothing could be more true-media technology that its reason for being just that they ‘reveal’ the world, by changing activities (meetings) to ‘representation’. It comes before a particular interest in the accumulation of power or wealth, for example. However, it also reveals specific ‘order’ or ‘enframing’ world – in the double sense of providing structure and govern specific actions. This applies every media technologies, although different media, different technologies will have the (spatiotemporal) the parameters of how they reveal and enframe (ie, ‘order’). However, no generic phenomenological understanding of media technology, the differences between the different media can easily be exaggerated to fetishism. Using a medium or media ecology theory has produced a historical view of technology as a growing media. McLuhan tetrad concept is an effective way to analyze how media evolve in terms of the special relationship between the media and especially sensitivity. Indeed, linking back to Innis, the tetrad can be more operationalised to reveal that the evolution of media formed by the interaction between the four aspects: material, shape, use and know-how. This is a specific articulation between these aspects of technology that produces a typical mediation.